director's message
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The saga of the restructuring and funding of national collections continues. More than three months after the last meeting of the Transformation Committee, which took place on 11 June, we have neither received the minutes nor been informed about the vision and plan of the Department of Arts, Culture, Science and Technology (DACST) for the flagships. Advertisements appeared in the Sunday press on 2 August, calling for the public nomination of candidates for appointment to the councils. Badly worded, and marred by grammatical errors, the advertisement did not even mention the names of the institutions that would be amalgamated. It is said that the new councils will be announced on 24 September, Heritage Day, and that there will be a transitional phase before the amalgamation of the budgets and the final implementation of the new structures on 1 April 1999.
The Minister of Arts, Culture, Science and Technology held a press briefing on 4 August. The invitation stated that: "With museum restructuring nearly completed, the Minister has decided on this as the subject of his briefing." We came away none the wiser, as probing questions regarding financial arrangements, rationalisation and management structures were neatly side-stepped. Museum workers have been left out of the process in the end, and we have as yet no indication as to how things will unfold, and what our futures may be. As the situation worsens, and people become more and more insecure about their positions, morale is deteriorating - to some it feels like taking slow poison.
At the press briefing the Minister reiterated some of the things he said in his budget speech, delivered on 1 June. It is to this event that I now turn. At the beginning of the current financial year institutions were told that DACST had suffered a budget cut but that we would receive the same amount as the year before (as indicated in the previous bonani the SANG received R1 million less). The budget for DACST was actually increased by R103.2 million from R607.6 to R737.9 million (a 21.4% increase comprising 0.37% of the national budget). Entitled 'Challenges and opportunities on the arduous road to a democratic, accessible, equitable and affordable dispensation: the Ministry response', Minister Lionel Mtshali spoke about transformation, restructuring, empowerment, equity and balance. I would like to focus on his pronouncements on 'pluralism', 'multi-culturalism' and the allocation of resources.
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Jurgen Schadeberg (1931), With Two 'Old Friends', Huddleston at St Peter's Priory where he worked as Provincial of the community of the Resurrection, silver print on fibre paper |
. . . we have to formulate for ourselves a principle of transformation and restructuring which as far as is possible will protect our policies from this principle of the reversal of previous entitlement. The principle by which we have to operate is the principle of 'pluralism'. We are a varied and multi-cultural society. Pluralism means that there should not be any kind of new 'dominance', except the dominance of variety and balance. If there is to be a new hegemony, it must be the hegemony of multi-culturalism and respect for difference.
It is necessary to remind ourselves of what these words mean in South Africa today, for they are not uniform but take on different forms in different societies. With postmodernism the concepts of pluralist toleration and plurality of cultures became popular, allowing for an open-endedness and pluralistic approach to arts and culture. 'Pluralism' is treated with suspicion in some quarters, for it was exploited by the architects of apartheid to emphasise difference in order to encourage fragmentation and to oppose an holistic view of culture. You may remember that we once had a Minister of Plural Relations, albeit briefly, and black people living in the rural areas were referred to as 'rural plurals'.
In an article in Democracy in Action (31/8/1994) John Sharp asks: "Does the language of multiculturalism provide a clean enough break with the past, or will it allow the old shibboleths that stressed ethnic separation to persist unchallenged?" The notion of separate cultures lay at the heart of apartheid, and the communalities and similarities in our culture and languages, which had evolved over centuries, had to be forcefully denied, negated and opposed. There is no question that ideas of ethnic or cultural separation have given way to a discourse of multiculturalism - the different cultures making up the rainbow nation. But South Africans have to make it work, says Sharp: "We have to ensure that our society offers all its members the opportunity to participate in, and draw benefit from, mainstream political and economic activity, as well as the opportunity to proclaim their difference." This has not happened, principally because of the scrapping of the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) and the government's macro-economic policy. In a climate of deprivation and disillusionment multiculturalism can tend to separatism, and can stretch the limits of tolerance. We are in fact witnessing shadow-manifestations of pluralism and multiculturalism - tribalism, separatism, fundamentalism, terrorism.
With regard to the allocation of resources, the Minister's message was clear:
In the new global economy the role of governments has changed as much as the structure of the economy. States can no longer be all-providing storehouses of resources. There is hardly a country in the world today in which governments are not reducing their welfare, social service and other support grants in order to release capital for investment. This applies even more to the arts, culture and aspects of science and technology than it does to welfare in general.

Hayden Proud (1956), Portrait of Desmond Mpilo Tutu (detail), 1992, oil on canvas. On loan from the Church of the Province of South Africa |
A successful government in the fields of arts, culture, science and technology today is one which does not see its role as that of 'providing' resources, but rather the government which, while maintaining essential direct provision (my italics), is able to create a framework within which the private sector, civil society and local government can assume more and more of a role in providing resources.
The fact of the matter is that DACST is not maintaining essential direct provision, which is why museums are running on reserves and have no money for major functions. According to the Minister, we have to get it into our heads that ". . . in the new global economy, societies are responsible for themselves". We are reminded of fiscal discipline and parsimony and the need to reduce the deficit, yet the government can allocate R65 million to host a summit of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM).
We are already taking care of ourselves, and our doors remain open because we have reserves. I quoted figures before: at the SANG we raised R920 000 in the 1997/98 financial year, not counting the huge amounts spent on exhibitions and other projects that are not reflected in our books because they are funded by foreign governments and agencies. We acknowledge with gratitude the amount of R50 000,00 which we received from DACST for the casting and repatriation of sculptures by Dumile Feni, who died in New York, and for making it possible for Hannah Marie Pheiffer to work at the SANG. I would also like to express our deep appreciation to all who made possible the exhibitions 'Transpositions' (contemporary Swedish art); 'A Changed World' (contemporary British Sculpture); the exhibition of work by the great German artist Joseph Beuys; 'Land and Lives'; 'The Davis Presentation' and 'African photography 1887 - 1997'.
We remain grateful to our South African supporters: Sappi Waste Paper for the funding of bonani; the Rowland and Leta Hill Trust for the restoration of the Liberman doors and carved panels in the building; MWeb for the impressive new website linking all Cape Town museums; The Scan Shop which accommodates us in every possible way to cut costs; Herdbuoys McCann-Erickson for their design-input. Assistance has come from new directions. Sanlam has made possible the exhibition and catalogue of the work of Harry Trevor at the Natale Labia Museum, while Zonnebloem Wines are spearheading a drive to raise funds for the SANG. More about this in the next issue of bonani.
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It is also time to say a big 'thank you' to the Friends of the SANG, the Volunteer Guides, the volunteers in the Library and in other departments, and particularly the group which is working on the 'Safe House' project (see p 22). These contributions to the well-being and promotion of our institution are invaluable.
We appeal to our readers to do all they can to lobby for and safeguard the future of arts, culture and heritage in our country!
Marilyn Martin
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